Zinc oxide and titanium-strontium oxide were chosen for the present study because of the entire thermodynamically stable semiconductor in contact with aqueous solution, and its bulk properties (Band structure, nobilities impurity ionization energies, etc). Differential capacitance measurements of single crystal semiconductor interface and the aqueous solution K2SO4 and KCl in different pH enables us to measure flat band potential which carries the feature many semiconductor properties. Plotting Mott-Schottky curve based on the results obtained by measuring electrical capacity of ZnO electrode in contact with pH=2 solution led to a slope of 196.92 mF -2 Cm4 V-1, which corresponds with electron density of CD+ =4.21×1016 Cm-3. In the case of semiconductor SrTiO3 in contact with aqueous solution pH=2 concentration of donner was calculated CD+=1.273×1016 Cm-3. In contact with the solution pH=12 the concentration of donner is calculated as CD+=1.18×1016 cm-3. Measuring electrical interface capacity of semiconductors n types, SrTiO3 and ZnO in contact with different electrolyte solutions indicates that concentration of the donner CD+ depends on pH and that it has a linear change as with EFb if Dj=0.

Self-reported measures of dietary intake are prone to measurement error that may obscure the relationship of diet and disease. This review addresses strategies to decrease errors during collection of dietary data and statistical approaches to deal with measurement issues once the data are collected. Examples from two US studies--the Women’ s Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modification Trial and the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) have been used. Approaches to manage biases during the collection of data include home visits to assess actual portion sizes of foods consumed, early detection of random and systematic error, and technology-based tools to capture dietary intake. The discussion of the WHI and HCHS/SOL ancillary studies illustrates appropriate use of calibration and biomarkers. Biomarkers of interest include both recovery (doubly labeled water, urinary nitrogen, sodium, and potassium), and predictive biomarkers such as total sugars. Discussion of blood concentration biomarkers such as folate, tocopherols and carotenoids and novel biomarkers will supplement this review. Once data are collected, biomarker calibration is an approach to deal with measurement error. Here the discussion of statistical methods includes the development of regression calibration equations that use both biomarkers and self-report measures along with pertinent participant characteristics; and hazard ratios (ratio of incidence rates) based on Cox regression for assessing diet-disease associations with biomarkers. This review concludes with approaches applicable to nutrition research in the context of Iran.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal problems are the common complaints of patients refer to internal medicine clinics and the pain is the most important of them. There are different physiotherapy methods for reduction of pain and action potential simulation therapy (APS therapy) is one of newest methods. The aim of this study was to determine reduction of pain with APS therapy. Materials & Methods: In 47 patients with different musculoskeletal pain APS therapy performed in 6 days each for 16 minutes and with current of 0.7-1.2 mA. Pain (VAS), Global functional status (ACR) and relief of pain (VAS) before and after study compared.Results: APS therapy reduced pain (p<0.001) and increased Global functional status (p<0.001) and increased relief of pain (p<0.005) but there was not any correlation between this reduction of pain with APS therapy and educational status and past history of physiotherapy and duration of illness in these patients.Conclusion: APS therapy is a useful physiotherapy modality for reduction of pain in musculoskeletal problems.

Introduction: Ionic channel rearrangements through the demyelinated axons or supporting media play significant role in remission of the neurological deficit in MS patients. In this study the effects of Verapamil as a calcium channel blocker on central conduction have been investigated through the evaluation of changes in P100 latency of the visual evoked potential.Method: This randomized double blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was performed on two groups of 20 multiple sclerosis patients who had been diagnosed for definite MS and had no relapse during the last year. Case group received oral Verapamil, 40 mg, every 8 hours and was compared to Placebo group for changes in P100 latency.Results: In the Verapamil group, the P100 latencies showed an average decrease of 5ms comparing to the placebo group (6.1±4ms vs1 ± 0.5 ms). Verapamil had no significant effect on the VEP duration.Discussion: The present study suggests that pharmacological manipulation of calcium-dependent process, possibly at the level of demyelinated axon, can acutely facilitate central conduction of electrical impulses in some patients with clinically stable multiple sclerosis.

Due to the environmental problems associated with fossil fuels and increasing energy needs, renewable wind energy will play a vital role in changing the future energy structure in Iran and the world, so the evaluation of wind resources plays an important role in exploiting this resource. In this research, wind information of the Karun region, with three-hour time intervals recorded in the eleven-year period (2010-2010), has been used in three stations in the south, northeast, and northwest of the city. In order to conduct this research, the wind energy potential in the region was evaluated with the aim of identifying the most suitable points for the installation of wind turbines, using the Weibull distribution function, and calculating the wind speed and density on a monthly and annual average. The annual windflowers of the stations in the study area were also plotted by processing the data of the mentioned statistical period using the WRPLOT software. The results showed that the stations in the south and northwest of the city at an altitude of 100 meters above the ground with an average annual speed of 4.04 and 7.08 meters per second and wind power density of 212 and 215 watts per square meter, respectively, have better talent and potential.

Background: Radial keratotomy is a major type of refractive surgery. This study was performed to determine the association of visual evoked potential (VEP) and radial keratotomy. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-comparative survey, 25 patients under radial keratotomy attending to Basir Clinic in 2014 and 2015 were enrolled and the VEP results, including voltage and latency, were determined and compared with 25 control subjects. Results: The mean voltage was 5.6 ± 2.0 microvolt and 6.0 ± 2.2 microvolt in case and control groups, respectively (P>0.05). Mean latency duration was 95.7 ± 6.1 millisecond and 95.6 ± 5.7 millisecond in case and control groups, respectively (P>0.05). Conclusion: Totally, according to the obtained results, it may be concluded that there is no significant association between visual evoked potential and radial keratotomy. Keywords: VEP, Refractory surgery, Radial keratotomy.